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<blockquote>
<p><strong>常用公式:</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>正&#x2F;负压下，表压、绝压、大气压、真空度之间的关系</li>
<li>流体静力学基本方程式（等压面）</li>
<li><strong>连续性方程式</strong>（稳态的、不可压缩流体的）、雷诺数的计算</li>
<li>体积流量、质量流量、体积&#x2F;质量流速、平均速度（一般所给的速度默认为流速）、圆形直管管径计算</li>
<li>层流和湍流时的速度分布计算方程（流速与最大流速）、<strong>圆形</strong>&#x2F;非圆形（老师没有单独讲）直管层流和湍流时的阻力系数的求解、<strong>圆形</strong>&#x2F;非圆形（老师没有单独讲）直管层流和湍流时的<strong>流动阻力</strong>（阻力损失&#x2F;压降）【包括直管阻力与局部阻力】、<strong>总的流动阻力方程式</strong>（管路系统中的总能量损失）</li>
<li><strong>伯努利方程（实际的机械能衡算方程，包含有三种不同基准的表达式）</strong>【可压缩流体、理想流体、静止流体】最开始的是在不可压缩条件下的，注意有效功率的计算（求有效功与有效功率、流量与流速、完成输送任务需要的液位差、压强或压差）</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>计算技巧：</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>求流速：</p>
<p>给出体积流量&#x2F;质量流量来求流速</p>
<p>在某一个阀门处由压力降来求流速（通过压降求解方程和另一种方式求得压降值，然后构造一个等式来解）</p>
<p>利用连续性方程（管径与流速的关系）</p>
</li>
<li><p>管路计算：</p>
<p>利用复杂管路的特点来列出方程式进行求解</p>
<p>简单管路利用伯努利方程、连续性方程、阻力系数</p>
</li>
<li><p>表压、压强、压差的计算：</p>
<p>流体静力学基本方程式（连续、同一水平面、同种液体）列方程</p>
<p>伯努利方程式</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p>题目中给出条件解析：</p>
<ul>
<li>液体物性不变：密度、粘度不变</li>
<li>xxx距离xxx高度不变：位能变化为0 z1-z2一直为一个常数</li>
<li>当一个横截面A特别大的槽流到到一个横截面B特别小的容器内时，Ua可以看作为0</li>
<li>流体从管路中离开时，此时流速可视为0</li>
<li>槽内页面维持恒定：此处横截面流速u&#x3D;0</li>
<li>xxx在管中的摩擦阻力可以忽略：阻力损失为0</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="第二章：流体输送机械（离心泵）"><a href="#第二章：流体输送机械（离心泵）" class="headerlink" title="第二章：流体输送机械（离心泵）"></a>第二章：流体输送机械（离心泵）</h2><blockquote>
<p>了解一些概念和知识点，大部分的计算题还都是要依靠找截面列出伯努利方程来做（以单位重量为基准的用的多）</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>离心泵的结构：叶轮、泵壳</li>
<li><strong>离心泵的工作原理、气缚&#x2F;气蚀现象产生的原因以及解决的办法、气蚀余量、临界气蚀余量、实际气蚀余量</strong></li>
<li>什么叫压头、扬程、轴功率、轴功率与有效功率和有效功的关系</li>
<li>离心泵的主要性能参数（扬程、流量、效率）、影响性能的因素（密度、粘度、转速、叶轮直径）、离心泵的特性曲线的使用</li>
<li>离心泵的比例定律、离心泵的切割定律</li>
<li><strong>离心泵允许安装高度的计算公式</strong></li>
<li><strong>离心泵的工作点</strong></li>
<li><strong>流量调节</strong>（改变阀门开度以及改变泵的特性曲线）、流量调节后效率的变化</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="第三章：固体颗粒流体力学与机械分离"><a href="#第三章：固体颗粒流体力学与机械分离" class="headerlink" title="第三章：固体颗粒流体力学与机械分离"></a>第三章：固体颗粒流体力学与机械分离</h2><h2 id="第四章：传热及其原理"><a href="#第四章：传热及其原理" class="headerlink" title="第四章：传热及其原理"></a>第四章：传热及其原理</h2><blockquote>
<p>第四章首先得知道一些词语的意思,然后是一些容易出计算题的知识点：</p>
</blockquote>
<p>热通量（传热速度）、热流量（传热速率）、热导数（对应热传导）、传热系数（对流传热）、总传热系数、热阻、黑体、黑度、灰体、透热体</p>
<p>单层&#x2F;多层平壁的热阻的计算、单层&#x2F;多层热流量（导热速率的计算）、单层&#x2F;多层圆筒璧的传热速率（热流量）、傅里叶定律(可以用来求一定热导率下的热损失-其实就是热流量)、对流传热系数、对流传热系数关联式（这个内容特别多，一般让求传热系数都是这种根据给的条件不同来选择合适的公式来计算）、辐射传热中经常会用到斯蒂芬-玻尔兹曼公式（吸收一定热量求物体表面温度）、总传热速率方程（内有总传热系数）以及总传热速率方程求传热面积（当然也可以求传热管长）同时还有污垢热阻的计算、利用不同条件下的热量衡算来进行计算一些量（某一流体进出口温度、流体用量）、辐射传热以及对流传热的总热量损失</p>
<h2 id="第五章：蒸发"><a href="#第五章：蒸发" class="headerlink" title="第五章：蒸发"></a>第五章：蒸发</h2><h2 id="第六章：蒸馏"><a href="#第六章：蒸馏" class="headerlink" title="第六章：蒸馏"></a>第六章：蒸馏</h2><blockquote>
<p>一些概念及常用公式：（图解法求理论板数时各个线的绘制不太懂）</p>
</blockquote>
<p>知道蒸馏的原理、拉乌尔定律、道尔顿分压定律 、t-x-y图的理解、<strong>三组物料平衡关系</strong>（全塔的物料衡算关系、精馏段与提馏段间的物料衡算关系、精馏段上升蒸汽的量与全凝器中回流量和采出量的衡算关系以及回流比）、<strong>四个方程</strong>（同一塔板上以相对挥发度表示的气液两相的相平衡方程、精馏段的操作线方程、提馏段的操作线方程、q线方程）、五种不同进料热状况对应的进料热状况参数q值以及精馏段与提馏段气液相之间的关系、进料热状况参数q的计算、全回流的概念、最小回流比的计算（泡点下Xq&#x3D;Xf，露点下Yq&#x3D;Yf，+同一塔板上以相对挥发度表示的气液两相的相平衡方程可以求出Yq&#x2F;Xq）、恒摩尔流和理论塔板假设的内容、理论塔板的计算（简捷计算和芬斯克方程求最少理论塔板数）、进料热状况参数对理论板数的影响、泡点方程&#x2F;露点方程（汽液平衡时液相&#x2F;汽相与温度的关系）、相对挥发度的计算公式（理想型物系）</p>
<blockquote>
<p>计算技巧：</p>
</blockquote>
<p>总体上掌握三组物料平衡关系和四个方程及其用到的东西即可。</p>
<ul>
<li>有分离器时：</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>将分离器看作第0块塔板，分离器中回流到塔中的液相组成X0&#x3D;从分离器中出去的气象组成中的Yd&#x3D;全凝器中的液相组成Xd。</li>
<li>分离器处回流到塔中的液相跟出去的汽相满足以相对挥发度表示的相平衡关系。</li>
<li>求出α，接着就可以求出各个板上的组成</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>其它：</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>逐板计算法求理论塔板数：同一塔板上以相对挥发度表示的气液两相的相平衡方程、精馏段的操作线方程、提馏段的操作线方程</li>
<li>计算泡点&#x2F;露点的组分的摩尔分数时纯组分的饱和蒸汽压可以用安托因公式计算</li>
<li>已知处理量F、Xf和分离要求Xd、Xw可用全塔物料衡算求出D与W</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>对于平衡蒸馏的过程计算以及简单蒸馏（单级蒸馏、间歇蒸馏）的计算：【用到查笔记】</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>知道平衡蒸馏中汽液相组成的关系式以及汽化率和液化率</li>
<li>简单蒸馏物料衡算关系式、易挥发组分的平均组成关系式及吸收率</li>
</ol>
<p>题目中给出的条件的解析：</p>
<ol>
<li>进料浓度wt50%：进料中的轻组分的组成Xf&#x3D;0.28</li>
<li>W:塔底釜残液</li>
<li>D：塔顶采出</li>
<li>进料中组分A的含量为0.4（mol分率），流量为100Kmol&#x2F;h：Xf&#x3D;0.4，F&#x3D;100</li>
<li>塔顶馏出液中A的含量为0.9：Xd&#x3D;0.9</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>塔高（有效高度）、塔径、塔板效率、精馏和提馏段的体积流量计算以及间歇蒸馏的其它计算翻笔记看吧（当时看北京联合大学的刘老师没讲）</p>
</blockquote>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="树洞">计算机学士&amp;化工硕士</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://baozi0625.gitee.io/tree-cave/2023/08/13/%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86/">https://baozi0625.gitee.io/tree-cave/2023/08/13/%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://baozi0625.gitee.io/tree-cave" target="_blank">树洞</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" 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